Since its founding, the CPC has lead a path of population development with Chinese characteristics in the past century, a period with revolution, construction, and reform, and formed the CPC's population thought. The CPC's population thought originated from the Marxist population thought. It sprouted during the new democratic revolution period, and gradually formed along with socialist revolution and construction. It was continuously improved in the new period of reform and opening up. It then keeps developing. The CPC's population thought systematically solves the big issue of how to achieve a comprehensive development for people in a country with a huge population like China. It is about the laws, functions, goals, concepts, methods, and guarantees of population development. This systematic and rigorous system is scientific, peoplecentered, practical, open, and national. This population thought is also the fundamental guarantee for the historic achievements of China's population development, and the scientific guide for promoting the greater achievements for China in the new era.

This research develops specific goals,paths and strategies of urbanization in China upon analyzing the Chinese characteristics and future trends of urbanization.Urbanization will become basic national conditions of China′s future social development,which will have significant impacts on the sources and driving forces of future prosperity and development.However,current challenges in China’s urbanization are that population urbanization lags behind industrialization and land urbanization,and urbanization of the household registered population lags behind urbanization of the resident population.China′s urbanization development will be shifted from a pure speed approach to an approach combining speed with quality during the "Twelfth Five-Year plan" period,and the economic reform will enter into a new stage characterized by promoting in-depth urbanization and urban-rural integration.An urbanization model with Chinese characteristics would be developed by taking urbanization as the leading force in deepening the reform,directing at household registration system reform and employment promotion,enhancing urbanization quality,and promoting equalization of rural and urban public services.

Both theoretical and empirical analyses show that the relationship between population development and carbon emissions is dynamic,and the population elasticity of carbon emissions is a nonlinear function of population size,age structure,household size,urbanization,sex structure,and economic development.This paper argues that the model based on the hypothesis that the relationship between population and carbon emissions is nonlinear results in a better simulation to the historical data than does the traditional model,and also a better representation of the effects of population development and economic growth on carbon emissions.The effects of population development on carbon emissions are quite different in developed and developing countries.Therefore,coping strategies need to be adopted according to the actual situation of population development in order to mitigate climate change.